Building Information Modeling (BIM) is simply a database that is visually represented as a three dimensional (3D) digital model. The information stored within the virtual 3D model can be used by all stakeholders (Designers/Engineers/General Contractors/Subcontractors/Venders/ Owner/Operators) throughout a building's life cycle. While the model is comprised of individual elements representing components within the building, (such as doors, windows, walls, ductwork, equipment), each component is modeled as an object with embedded detailed information. Where the true value of BIM is exposed is when the data is extracted/exported for multiple uses, such as energy and structural analysis, LEED evaluations, scheduling (4D), estimating (5D), and building operations (6D).

After realizing the overreaching benefits of BIM, stakeholders will quickly see how the tool can be applied at any stage of a building's life cycle. Creating a BIM in the conceptual stage can have as much value as creating the model from the as-built drawings after construction. A BIM model can be used for an owner's operations/maintenance programs, or for future renovation projects. In each stage of the building process, different applications for using the model bring tangible benefits.

Building Life Cycle :

Design Phase: With BIM, data can be exported into other programs to perform cost, structural, or energy analysis, consequently simplifying the decision making process. By reviewing alternatives with the design team in real time, better optimization of the design can be realized. Counting or manual extraction of data for analysis is eliminated. During the design stage, the Architect and Engineers can retrieve data from the model to perform varies analysis operations to optimize the buildings energy efficiency. By creating real time queries, the design team and the client can expedite knowledgeable decision-making.

Construction Phase: Before actual construction begins, the design package is prepared for the bidders. It is at this stage that the General Contractor, along with their subcontractors, begins to use the model for site logistics, such as crane placement, construction trailer locations, laydown areas, emergency access. They are also using BIM for quantity takeoff's, conflict resolution, and work sequencing. The model has the capability of integrating with scheduling software to create an animated building schedule (4D) to virtually watch the building sequence.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase: BIM, along with its stored information, is valuable to the owner as a tool for maintaining their new assets. The O&M phase (6D) is the most expensive in a building's Life Cycle, although this fact is often ignored during the design phase. Design teams are usually unaware how their decisions on the placement of equipment and access for routine maintenance items impact the costs of O&M. With BIM, the O&M teams can be brought in at the design stage to check for maintenance issues. More recently, owners are discovering these models can be used after construction as a tool for setting O&M schedules, retrieving data, and providing links to manufactures' websites for up-to-date spare parts lists and O&M procedures.

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